Add Muscle Weakness as a Another Cost of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus could cause constrained mobility that may end in an impairment of many everyday activities like walking, climbing stairs, and running. Limited mobility may be caused by changes in connective tissue, which can be watched in long-term diabetic patients by the failure to restrict the hands. In both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients, diminished muscle strength has been found at the knee and at the ankle.

In the young adults with diabetes, the muscle biopsies revealed structural and functional changes in the mitochondria of cells. The mitochondria produced lower-than-normal amounts of energy and discharged high amounts of toxins that cause damage to the cells. These changes may lead to slower metabolism, more prominent trouble controlling blood sugar and a speedier onset of disability.

In parallel with muscle weakness, muscle atrophy also occurs in later stages of diabetes. On the basis of clinical examination, atrophy can be detected by a decreased bulk of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle and in later stages by pes cavus, prominence of the extensor tendons and metatarsal heads, and clawing of the toes. Before atrophy becomes apparent, clinically more sensitive imaging techniques can be used. Ultrasonomyography, X-ray computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are visualizing techniques that can be utilized to identify subclinical atrophy as well as for measurement of muscle size. In clinical practice, MRI has basically been used in cases of DN with doubt of Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy; in which cases, MRI gives high-resolution images of bone and connective tissue abnormalities in the feet.

Diabetic patients react to resistance training and aerobic training with enhancement in glycaemic control and bringing down of blood lipids and blood pressure; furthermore, muscle strength can be improved significantly. In patients with low muscle strength, rehabilitative measures to establish stability are required.

Therefore, poor muscle health ought to be included to the known complications of type 1 diabetes, along with nerve damage, heart disease and kidney disorders. And we can able to understand that the skeletal muscle is the largest metabolic organ and is the essential tissue for clearing blood sugar after eating a meal, so we need to keep muscle as healthy as possible.

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